The History Of Baking English Language Essay

The History Of Baking English Language Essay Baking has been around since ancient times. Of course, over the years with new inventions and recipes, baking has under-gone major transformations from baking over brick stones to baking in gas or electric ovens. The first form of baking was thought to have been as early as 2500 B.C. or even earlier. Baking is just one of the many ways of cooking. Baking, as we know it, is defined as cooking by dry heat in an oven or on heated metal or stones (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/baking). Dry heat is usually obtained through an oven. Just as important as it is to find out if baking soda can be substituted, it is important to understand the mixtures of baking soda and baking powder. Lets look at baking soda, first. Baking soda, in its original state, can be found in mineral deposits all over the world. Baking soda has been used in America since colonial times, but it wasnt produced in America until 1839. Some common recipes that call for baking soda are different cookie types, breads, pancakes, and many other recipes. Baking soda has several scientific names. The most common name would be sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Sodium bicarbonate has several atoms. It contains one sodium atom, one hydrogen atom, one carbon atom, and three oxygen atoms. Baking soda is a very important part of a recipe. Often times it is referred to as the leavening agent. A leavening agent is a substance that causes substances to rise by releasing gases that produce the finished project with a porous structure. In other words it would be a fa st-acting yeast. As baking soda is added to the batter (to whatever yummy treat you are making), it releases a gas that allows the batter to immediately start to rise. Baking soda begins to work by letting its gas out as soon as it hits a liquid which could be a batter or some dough. Most recipes that call for baking soda usually have other acidic ingredients in them that enable the baking soda to work and taste properly. Baking soda helps with the alkaline taste in your food. It keeps it from having a soapy taste. Now that we know a bit about baking soda, we can now look into its familiar relative baking powder. Baking powder is just as useful as baking soda, but it has a few different powers. Baking powder was first discovered and manufactured in 1843 by a man named Alfred Bird. Along with baking soda, baking powder is found in similar recipes and also in my favorite scones. Baking powder is composed of several ingredients including cornstarch, cream of tartar, and even baking soda. Like baking soda, baking powder is also a leavening agent. Baking powder is different than baking soda in that it is double-acting. Double-acting simply means it rises or acts as a leavening agent at two different times. The first time it starts to work, like the baking soda, is right when it is added to the batter. The second time would be when it is baking. As it is baking, it continues to let out its gases due to the ovens heat. Since it is, in a way, rising twice, it gives your final outcome a fluffier and lighter texture. Baking powder is usually added to recipes that dont have acids as it already contains acids due to the baking soda and cream of tartar. Now that we have learned a little bit about baking soda and baking powder, it will be easier to understand their relationship and how baking soda might or might not be able to be substituted. Since we know that baking soda is usually used where there are acidic substances in the batter, and baking powder is used where there arent any acidic substances, we know that in being able to substitute baking soda we would have to add an acid. In adding an acid, we are, in a way, giving the soda more power, where it can cause the finished baked treat to become lighter and fluffier. This acidic lack is solved by an acid called potassium hydrogen tartrate which is more commonly known as cream of tartar. Cream of tartar was the original leavening agent used by bakers before we had baking powder and baking soda. Remembering that baking powder is double-acting, we now need to see what makes it rise at the two separate times. As I mentioned earlier, the first release of gas (or rise) would be due to the baking soda, but what would cause the second release? That would be where the cream of tartar comes into play. The cream of tartar reacts when it is released into heat, so when your batter or dough goes into the oven and receives the oven heat, the second release of gas begins. Baking soda reacts when it enters a liquid and cream of tartar reacts when it enters heat. So now that we know what causes baking powder to be double acting, it would make sense to add that one special ingredient that makes it double-acting to the baking soda. This special ingredient would be the heat reactant cream of tartar. By adding the cream of tartar to the baking soda, it gives it the added acid to rise in heat when placed in the oven. If you were to try to use only baking soda without any extra ingredient in place of baking powder, you would find that it would leave a bitter taste. When you need to substitute baking soda and cream of tartar for baking powder, it is important not to have too much baking soda with your cream of tartar or vice versa. In closing, we find that baking soda alone cannot be substituted for baking powder, but with a simple ingredient known as cream of tartar, you can have some baking powder. So next time youre baking and you find yourself with missing ingredients or without baking powder, dont break a sweat!! Remember, not only can you substitute applesauce for oil, honey for sugar, but now you know that you can substitute baking soda with a little bit of cream of tartar for the missing baking powder. So finish up with your baking and enjoy your yummy and delicious snack!!

Multimedia :: science

Multimedia As a technology, it is called multimedia. As a revolution, it is the sum of many revolutions wrapped into one: A revolution in communication that combines the audio visual power of television, the publishing power of the printing press, and the interactive power of the computer. Multimedia is the convergence of these different professions, once thought independent of one another, coming together to form a new technological approach to the way information and ideas are shared. What will society look like under the evolving institutions of interactive multimedia technologies? Well, if the 1980’s were a time for media tycoons, the 1990’s will be for the self-styled visionaries. These gurus see a dawning digital age in which the humble television will mutate into a two-way medium for a vast amount of information and entertainment. We can expect to see: movies-on-demand, video games, databases, educational programming, home shopping, telephone services, telebanking, teleconferencing, even the complex simulations of virtual reality. This souped-up television will itself be a powerful computer. This, many believe, will be the world’s biggest media group, letting consumers tune into anything, anywhere, anytime. The most extraordinary thing about the multimedia boom, is that so many moguls are spending such vast sums to develop digital technologies, for the delivering of programs and services which are still largely hypothetical. So what is behind such grand prophecies? Primarily, two technological advances known as digitization (including digital compression), and fibre optics. Both are indispensable to the high-speed networks that will deliver dynamic new services to homes and offices. Digitization means translating information, either video, audio, or text, into ones and zeros, which make it easier to send, store, and manipulate. Compression squeezes this information so that more of it can be sent using a given amount of transmission capacity or bandwidth. Fibre-optic cables are producing a vast increase in the amount of bandwidth available. Made of glass so pure that a sheet of it 70 miles thick would be as clear as a window-pane, and the solitary strand of optical fibre the width of a human hair can carry 1,000 times as much information as all radio frequencies put together. This expansion of bandwidth is what is making two-way communication, or interactivity, possible. Neither digitization nor fibre optics is new. But it was only this year that America’s two biggest cable-TV owners, TCI and Time Warner , said they would spend $2 billion and $5 billion respectively to deploy both technologies in their systems, which together serve a third of America’s 60m cable homes. Multimedia :: science Multimedia As a technology, it is called multimedia. As a revolution, it is the sum of many revolutions wrapped into one: A revolution in communication that combines the audio visual power of television, the publishing power of the printing press, and the interactive power of the computer. Multimedia is the convergence of these different professions, once thought independent of one another, coming together to form a new technological approach to the way information and ideas are shared. What will society look like under the evolving institutions of interactive multimedia technologies? Well, if the 1980’s were a time for media tycoons, the 1990’s will be for the self-styled visionaries. These gurus see a dawning digital age in which the humble television will mutate into a two-way medium for a vast amount of information and entertainment. We can expect to see: movies-on-demand, video games, databases, educational programming, home shopping, telephone services, telebanking, teleconferencing, even the complex simulations of virtual reality. This souped-up television will itself be a powerful computer. This, many believe, will be the world’s biggest media group, letting consumers tune into anything, anywhere, anytime. The most extraordinary thing about the multimedia boom, is that so many moguls are spending such vast sums to develop digital technologies, for the delivering of programs and services which are still largely hypothetical. So what is behind such grand prophecies? Primarily, two technological advances known as digitization (including digital compression), and fibre optics. Both are indispensable to the high-speed networks that will deliver dynamic new services to homes and offices. Digitization means translating information, either video, audio, or text, into ones and zeros, which make it easier to send, store, and manipulate. Compression squeezes this information so that more of it can be sent using a given amount of transmission capacity or bandwidth. Fibre-optic cables are producing a vast increase in the amount of bandwidth available. Made of glass so pure that a sheet of it 70 miles thick would be as clear as a window-pane, and the solitary strand of optical fibre the width of a human hair can carry 1,000 times as much information as all radio frequencies put together. This expansion of bandwidth is what is making two-way communication, or interactivity, possible. Neither digitization nor fibre optics is new. But it was only this year that America’s two biggest cable-TV owners, TCI and Time Warner , said they would spend $2 billion and $5 billion respectively to deploy both technologies in their systems, which together serve a third of America’s 60m cable homes.

Mockingjay Reflection Essay

Brainwashing, or hijacking, is the biggest scientific ethical issue in Suzanne Collin’s Mockingjay. The main character, Peeta, is brainwashed by the Capitol after he is abducted from a mishap in the 75 hunger games. The Rebellion rescued him sometime after that and when he saw and attempted to strangle Katniss they knew something was wrong. The Rebels discovered that the Capitol had been using genetically engineered animals, tracker jackers, to poison Peeta and control his mind to make him hate and try to kill Katniss. The Capitol used the poison to alter Peeta’s memories involving Katniss and turn him against the girl he has been in love with his whole life. The Rebellion took action and started trying to hijack him back using a similar method. Peeta never returned to the way he used to be exactly for a long time, the brainwashing had lasting effects on him. In the end both sides of the war used a form of brainwashing to get Peeta to act the way they wanted. Brainwashing has been tried many times in experiments by many agencies including the CIA based on different drugs and methods. The tests were never very successful but as science progresses there is a possibility that brainwashing could become a reality. Mockingjay portrays that the brainwashing was done by altering the memories of the affected. It was based with a genetically engineered poison that acted as a hallucinogen which allowed the capitol to tamper with the memories that the patient was recalling. This method made the brainwashed person act exactly as intended because their memory was altered. Using a similar method governments could use this is a multitude of ways, good and bad. The ethics involved with the practice of brainwashing would be very hard to justify, completely changing the way a person thinks and acts isn’t ethical. The main idea behind brainwashing is harmless enough, it can be as simple as getting everyone to agree with you all the time. Maybe even making everyone think you accomplished a feat no one thought was possible. More seriously, it could even make people completely turn their back on a lifelong friend. Brainwashing is harmless until it gets taken out of control ith a bad motive behind it. For example, controlling a president to run their country into the ground and create civil war could be considered unethical. I think that because of how uncontrollable the human race is, working on a way to brainwash people is undoubtedly unethical. There is some usefulness to the practice of brainwashing but it would be almost impossible to not let it get into the wrong hands. It could be used to get information out of spies and would force security to be tighter. It would also be useful to rehabilitate convicted felons to help them get their life back on track. Also, it could help addicts to help get over their addiction and move on in life. I think the topic of weather to use it or not would be a big debate in countries. Brainwashing can be helpful but also harmful to those involved and the question of the ethics of it is up for debate, but personally I think it is an unethical practice because of how uncontrollable humans can be.

The Freedom Riders Jim Zwerg - 849 Words

On May 2011 40 students from different parts of the United States joined the original freedom riders : Jim Zwerg, Who was considered a traitor to his race for participating in the non-violence movements, Ernest â€Å"Rip† Patton, he joined the movement two days after the First Baptist Church of Montgomery was attacked by the mobs on May 21, Helen and Bob Singleton and Joan Mulholland that at the time that she joined the freedom rides in June of 1961 was working at the office of a California Senator; in Re-living the 1961 rides from Washington, DC to New Orleans, LA . There is a big difference between the freedom rides of 56 years ago that began with members of the congress of racial Equality (CORE) that sought to fight racism and segregation in the south with non-violence demonstrations and the ones that these students did in 2011, the original ride filled with excitement at first and then with fear when the riders were attacked by the KKK and angry mobs at bus stations and th e 2011 freedom rides filled with 40 students from different walks of life traveling with 5 heroes of the civil rights movement, learning about history and reliving it first hand during this 10 day trip. Some of the stories documented by these young freedom riders show us that there are still remnants of that same hate and discrimination of the 1960 decade; it happened to Doaa Dorgham, ironically, on the first day that she was embarking on the journey of the freedom riders, which is precisely toShow MoreRelatedThe Argument Against School Segregation1226 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution? Freedom Songs served as the collective voice of the movement. The songs created a mobilizing soundtrack to the fight for equal rights and were sung during many of the major events of the time. The beauty and strength of these songs was in the energy they provided for massive groups of revolutionists as they sat in church meetings or marched in the streets for freedom and desegregation. Many had their roots grounded in hymnals, spiritualsRead MoreFreedom Riders: Rebels with a Cause1400 Words   |  6 PagesFreedom Riders: Rebels with a Cause â€Å"If not us, then who? If not now, then when? Will there be a better day for it tomorrow or next year? Will it be less dangerous then? Will someone else’s children have to risk their lives instead of us risking ours?† -- John Lewis May 16, 1961, to other Nashville students considering joining the Freedom Rides John Lewis, a young black man who was born in the South, participated in the Freedom Rides. His statement rang true when Nashville students were facedRead MoreFreedom Riders : The United States2497 Words   |  10 PagesFreedom Riders were activists who rode interstate transports into segregated southern states. The Freedom riders started their rides in 1961. They additionally rode into the southern states to backing up the decisions of the United States Supreme Court in many court cases ruling segregation unconstitutional. The Southern states disregarded the decisions and the federal government did nothing to help in the implementation of the laws. The first Freedom Ride left Washington, D.C., on May 4, 1961, andRead MoreRacial Segregation And African Americans2509 Words   |  11 Pageswere treated differently, and the African Americans did not enjoy the same freedoms as the whites. The African Americans never had a chance to speak their mind, voice their opinions, or enjoy the s ame luxuries that the white people attained. Through various actions/efforts like the lunch counter sit-ins, freedom rides, and bus boycotts, the black people confronted segregation face on and worked to achieve equality and freedom. Segregation played a major role throughout the lives of the African AmericansRead MoreDbq, Civil Rights Essay2472 Words   |  10 Pages__________________________________________________________________________________. __________________________________________________________________________________. DOCUMENT 4: March on Washington, August 28, 1963 The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom was primarily organized by Martin Luther King, Jr (MLK) representing the SCLC, John Lewis from SNCC and James Farmer of CORE, and was attended by over 250,000 people from across the country. Marchers and organizers demonstrated support for the passage